In the Event

Media theorist Douglas Rushkoff recalls a paid speaking engagement in Medium:

After I arrived, I was ushered into what I thought was the green room. But instead of being wired with a microphone or taken to a stage, I just sat there at a plain round table as my audience was brought to me: five super-wealthy guys — yes, all men — from the upper echelon of the hedge fund world. After a bit of small talk, I realized they had no interest in the information I had prepared about the future of technology. They had come with questions of their own. 

They started out innocuously enough. Ethereum or bitcoin? Is quantum computing a real thing? Slowly but surely, however, they edged into their real topics of concern. 

Which region will be less impacted by the coming climate crisis: New Zealand or Alaska? Is Google really building Ray Kurzweil a home for his brain, and will his consciousness live through the transition, or will it die and be reborn as a whole new one? Finally, the CEO of a brokerage house explained that he had nearly completed building his own underground bunker system and asked, “How do I maintain authority over my security force after the event?

Shock collars are suggested as a solution for that problem.

The Event. That was their euphemism for the environmental collapse, social unrest, nuclear explosion, unstoppable virus, or Mr. Robot hack that takes everything down. ”  

 This single question occupied us for the rest of the hour. They knew armed guards would be required to protect their compounds from the angry mobs. But how would they pay the guards once money was worthless? What would stop the guards from choosing their own leader? The billionaires considered using special combination locks on the food supply that only they knew. Or making guards wear disciplinary collars of some kind in return for their survival. Or maybe building robots to serve as guards and workers — if that technology could be developed in time.

Or maybe robots to guard the workers and keep them in line. Whatever it takes.

The Event. That was their euphemism for the environmental collapse, social unrest, nuclear explosion, unstoppable virus, or Mr. Robot hack that takes everything down.

The one percent behave as if they have less and less faith in the system they dominate and celebrate. Those who appear to be in control behave as if they know no one is in control. Absent national sovereignty, representative government and a coherent culture the system itself is in control. Rushkoff, who appears to be a liberal who once believed in the democratizing and liberating power of technology, experiences a revelation:

That’s when it hit me: At least as far as these gentlemen were concerned, this was a talk about the future of technology. Taking their cue from Elon Musk colonizing Mars, Peter Thiel reversing the aging process, or Sam Altman and Ray Kurzweil uploading their minds into supercomputers, they were preparing for a digital future that had a whole lot less to do with making the world a better place than it did with transcending the human condition altogether and insulating themselves from a very real and present danger of climate change, rising sea levels, mass migrations, global pandemics, nativist panic, and resource depletion. For them, the future of technology is really about just one thing: escape.

 The recurring joke on the HBO show Silicon Valley is every new project will “make the world a better place”. Looks like they’ve given up on the world. Is there a better indicator of the corruption of a system that those most benefiting from it have no real faith in it?

Reinventing Ourselves Out of Existence

It’s a hoary old tradition on the progressive left to use Independence Day to hold forth on what America “is”, invariably defining it in ways that would have made the Founders appeal to King George to be readmitted to the empire if they saw it coming.

More often than not it revolves around black grievance and historical resentment. Black American failure reinterpreted as American failure has been the means by which they’ve attempted, and largely succeeded, in redefining America as existing entirely to atone for slavery–which, as our cardinal sin, cannot be atoned for.

Exhaustion at such nonsense, and recognition of the damage it’s still doing, feeds the growing white American nationalist identity, whether it’s the “alt right” or a relatively apolitical Trump voter. Rhetorically, the Overton Window has shifted to allow a more vigorous defense of America (which really means, to both sides, white America) and critique of these critiques. Some have even gone as far as to point out the ethnic self-interest of progressive Jews, without whom the leftist narrative would gain little traction outside of those groups it flatters with demagogy, such as blacks.

A good narrative adapts. People are tiring of defining America by the well-being of its least virtuous, its least liberal, its least American (sorry blacks, that’s you) people. These critiques have grown cruder and more rigid in pace with their dissipating influence on normal intelligent people who aren’t compromised by their reliance on this system of white guilt cultivation.

For the left black failure is like a nuclear fuel rod, producing demagogic energy in perpetuity. It does not dissipate in recognizable time. As the goal of equal representation isn’t possible without massive discrimination and distortions (the necessity of competence keeps getting in the way of, say, equal representation in the sciences). Destruction of the myth of white racism is the only way to avoid an eventual meltdown.

For the left the idea blacks aren’t up to the demands of modern life and western standards of behavior is either incomprehensible or the Truth That Must Not Be Known. So they drive further into radical interpretations of America, its institutions and founding. What would have been laughable or terrifying to even their own liberal forbears becomes convention.

In an opinion piece in New York Times Roger Cohen says America is kind of like Madonna, adopting a whole new persona for every tour:

This magical capacity for reinvention lies at the root of American greatness. Other nations fetishize the past, rewrite it in blood; America’s genius is the facilitation of forgetfulness. To be unburdened of history, for many immigrants, enables the pursuit of happiness.

I wonder of Mr. Cohen would view Judaism, or any other group’s natural inclination for cultural and ethnic preservation, as fetishizing the past.

But the reality is the nation has only reinvented itself once, in the postwar period culminating in the sixties’ split with the past definition. The people, that is the actual nation, were not consulted. They acquiesced; it  all sounded good. Who would deny another man his rights out of bigotry?

We are waking, belatedly, to the con. The stubbornness of the elite suggest they believe the same con they push. Nothing makes a better liar than someone deluded into believing his lie. Delusional people turn from immediate reality to find harbor in, among other things, the past:

I began my July 4 by reading the words of a black poet, Langston Hughes, written in 1935, in the midst of the Great Depression. This, today, is not a good American moment. Truth is under attack. The law is under attack. The press is under attack. Moral depravity seeps from on high in a viscous torrent that infects everything and is hard to cleanse from the skin. It cloys. The White House stands for white males, above all, not 325 million Americans of every creed and color. I wanted to remind myself, again, of America’s spirit.

It’s notable how much the proponents of progress turn to the past, to a, say, fetishized version of it, as they rail against any historical awareness of real meaning in real people. So it’s inevitable. Mr Cohen, dipping his bucket in the kitsch well and citing the authority of Langston Hughes, has decided America does not exist at all, and only will after blacks have (are we even sure any more what exactly we want for them?). It was inevitable that, absent the impossible but non-negotiable goal of peaceful multi-ethnic equality they would seek to define the nation away all together, so as to start over.

In his poem, “Let America Be America Again,” Hughes writes: Let America be America again. Let it be the dream it used to be. Let it be the pioneer on the plain Seeking a home where he himself is free. (America never was America to me.) The parenthesis punctures the myth. The American idea is a journey toward a receding destination, driven by the pursuit of perfectibility. The nation was not born of a piece with the Constitution. Its contours were outlined, with sufficient clarity and flexibility to endure, for future generations to usher closer to an ideal of liberty and justice for all. That is why for a black man, Hughes, writing 83 years ago, “America was never America.”

This is basically stating what has been policy and cultural convention since the civil rights movement. America only exists to create “equality” for Africans, and an ever-growing list of similarly aggrieved. An impossibility–without a totalitarian system of redistribution that would destroy the very civil liberties these people cite when they demand it. We won’t get there, in other words, before we’ve destroyed ourselves, because it isn’t possible and there’s a whole world out there that doesn’t share our delusions or interests.

I think it’s time for the likes of Cohen to “reinvent” themselves. Indeed, they do not exist until they’ve realized their own potential for perfection. But the piece wouldn’t be complete without another old cliche:

Nowhere else is becoming somebody else so easy. There is space, still, to be free. Sure there is. The divisions between those who came first and those who came later are fungible.

Fungible divisions is a cool story bro, for a misconception. If the last few decades have shown us anything it is the durability of divisions, which grow with diversity, provided you have enough people on each side of the divide to create dissension, and the political consensus represented by Cohen: you don’t even exist, white America.

Individual reinvention doesn’t really happen. Group or national reinvention (leaving out the remarkable history of the Jews, which can be seen as one of serial reinvention while maintaining the core element of identity, which Cohen sees as pure evil in white gentiles) likewise doesn’t happen–unless it’s forced on you from without. Reinvention is imposed from without in defeat by the victorious. Cohen is one of the victorious elite that imagines themselves as designing a new way for a defeated country, like General MacArthur in Japan.

Sadly, they may have pushed things so far along reinvention may be our only option.

Fourth of Nostalgia

Fourth of July about fifteen years ago, flying out of LA as the sun went down. I’m at the window seat watching the fireworks displays light up the landscape here and there. Only the prescient few know what’s coming. I’m not one of them.

Nearby they illuminate the cities below: football fields, lakefronts, suburban grids. Farther out on the horizon they’re bursts of neon and sparks sprouting from the forming crust of a new planet. They obey some foreign physics as they blossom and fade, crowding in on each other in striving profusion.
I’m reminded of another flight, out of Okinawa at night. I caught a ride on a medical airplane, a DC-9 with the seats facing the rear–for some reason–where patients were transported, bed and all. The pitch black was randomly interrupted by thick ropes of lightning that lit up the ocean surface, revealing little silver worlds of lonely uninhabited islands. These were the things of a boy’s dreams, mine at least, somewhere along the way I lost them, lost the desire to get lost. I remembered something I’d read, I’m still not sure it’s true, that lightning actually travels up from the ground, to the sky. I’m seized by the image of the mass of dense, churning clouds as a living thing, feeding, drawing the energy out of the earth below, seething, serving some mysterious purpose, indifferent in its greatness.
The road exhausts and disconnects us from the thread of routine. We can’t help but become reflective, and sometimes slip into the maudlin. I’ve had moments–in the hills of northern California, where nothing is so lonely–that I won’t detail, that surely qualify; it’s embarrassing. It’s okay; you get a pass. I’ve made the drive to LA and back, some twenty-plus hours, a handful of times. It’s madness, an absurd thing to do when you can fly. But it does clear the head, somehow. 
I was going home alone on that Fourth of July flight, surrounded by a gaggle of teenagers on some group trip. The kid next to me–I’m leaning back in my seat so he can watch the fireworks–is poring over one of those giant CD cases. I have one too. The fireworks are little acidic nightmares springing out of a great, churning consciousness, a giant brain-planet like in the film Solaris, their patterns a language too complex to understand. The land is sick, it calls out. It admonishes. I watch the lights like a fascinated ape. He knows he doesn’t know, at least.
I want my memories to mean something. That is, I want the Fourth of July to be here, forever, if for no other reason than it’s mine. Ours.
Happy Independence Day.

Bronze Age Book Club

Today’s title for the KMG Book Club on Luke Ford is Bronze Age Mindset by Bronze Age Pervert of Twitter.

Back in February 2017 the Atlantic contacted Mencius Moldbug, having learned Steve Bannon had read him; he rick-rolled them with BAP. Mencius, quoted in the Atlantic, via Steve Sailer:

“Think you should speak directly to my WH cutout / cell leader,” Yarvin said in an email. “I’ve never met him and don’t know his identity, we just DM on Twitter. He’s said to be ‘very close’ to Bannon. There are several levels, but most people just start out with his public persona.” @BronzeAgePerv’s avatar is of a muscular, shirtless man and his account’s biography reads: “Steppe barbarian. Nationalist, Fascist, Nudist Bodybuilder! Purification of world. Revolt of the damned. Destruction of the cities!”

The self-help aspect suggested by the book’s title is more of an afterthought. As a Nietzschean elitist BAP acknowledges he’s not interested in self help for the helpless but for a would-be elite out there among the young, isolated and contained in the great gel of the Poz.

He begins

This is not book of philosophy. It is exhortation. I hardly have anything to say to most who aren’t like me, still less do I care about convincing. This is account of my reveries. I tried to put, as brief and simple as I could, the thought that motivates me and the problem faced by life in ascent and decline…
If you look around eyes of some people you see a kind of demented energy. It’s pure anger or lust for power with nothing more. 

At times lapsing into a preposition-free speech to sell the Bronze Age aspect, he sees modernity as diseased and civilization as we imagine it a sham. He asserts at points the presence of a movement behind the scenes that he leaves vague

I wanted to expose the grim shadow of a movement that is hidden behind events of our time and from before. This is a great power that acts like a ghost. It hides in its own darkness and it has been absorbed by the lands and the peoples so that you can’t really see it anymore. There is just an eldritch quality embedded in things and on some faces. The same was said of Hades. Some said he would feel a great shame when some other god drew back the veil on the underworld so all the vile things that are there could be seen. Is this Hades of our time capable of shame? I heard also of such things being under the sea, the disgusting and frightful things revealed when the sea recedes before a great storm. I will draw back the curtain on this Iron Prison and show you where it is you really live…

The claim reminds me of something someone wrote of William Burroughs’ transgressive book Naked Lunch, banned for obscenity, that it sought to demonstrate what lies beneath everyday life, what’s “on the end of everybody’s fork.” Whether the book succeeded or not, it’s an apt description of the attempt there and here. Burroughs wanted to cure himself of his homosexual tendencies by writing the book he’s said, and its depiction of homosexuality is one of cruelty and sadism (that hasn’t stopped Gay Inc from incorporating him without a hiccup). BAP, on the other hand, wants to cure you of your gheyness. This is complicated by his ambiguous sexuality; he appears to be a homosexual masculinist, but (as far as I know) never says so directly.

The first chapter is devoted to assailing Darwin and “scientism”. He doesn’t reject Darwin; he cuts him down to size, seeing evolution as insufficient and pointing out “…you don’t need Darwin to believe in heredity and even evolution.” Origin and speciation are probably evolution’s weak points; they also are its least relevant. Genetic heredity is undeniable, so the adaptation of a group to its environment, its molding over time, is undeniable. The origins problem affronts religion; the heredity problem affronts power (as it stands now).

BAP sees an intelligence in the universe he’s careful to differentiate from “intelligent design”

The mechanism of heredity or the means by which a species is shaped, natural or unnatural selection, which is really Darwin’s only insight, is the least interesting part of all. … And the “design” is there, but it is by no means benevolent or intelligent, nor comprehensible. You see in the spider’s web a creature of rudimentary nervous system and little intelligence “design” something beautiful and complex, and this is key to understanding also all of nature. There is an inherent “intelligence” inside things, uncanny, silent and demonic…

The spider’s web analogy brings to mind the technician of non-exceptional intelligence at the command of some powerful system by which he effects the most complex and massive tasks. His training, the technology, the system, these are the things by which he accomplishes wonders. Where is the equivalent system, for one, in the spider? How is it he knows? BAP rejects random adaptation and sees some hidden hand behind adaptations

our own intelligence is only a crude deviation of it…And all “adaptations,” no matter how much natural or unnatural selection may have gone to spreading them within a population, occur not by random but by a spontaneous correspondence of some kind between the organism and the environment. Some day we may discover the material cause or manifestation of this correspondence, or the chain by which it travels from the rock-face and the elements of brute matter up the forms of life—there is some as-yet undiscovered “signaling” system. But the adaptation by no means takes place at random, nor even primarily by natural selection, which is just one of the means by which it spreads in a population.

His worldview is the same biological fascism found in Mein Kampf. He makes a distinction between higher and lower forms of life based on mastery of environment leading them, via a mysterious process of which evolution only describes a part, or a particular type of life–life not blessed with the anti-slave spirit of higher humans (Aryans, Comanche, Japanese, etc). “You must learn to see the secret language of nature and what it drives at: there is one path that drives for the production of a supreme specimen.” This despite recognizing evolution is not necessarily advancement to a higher form. But it isn’t necessarily not advancement to a higher form.

He makes a distinction between two kinds of life, one seeking fulfillment and expressing itself with beauty, and the other merely survival and replication, as exemplified by the mindless profusion of yeast. It isn’t that evolution only tells us part of the story of life, but that it only describes a type, the lower order obsessed only with survival. He notes the alleged ugliness and brutality of animals subjected to intense environmental pressures. It’s only in the absence of these that humanity can cultivate the higher type.

He opposes evolution less as a science than as a worldview, or “scientism”. Evolutionary pressures and the purpose suggested by evolution–species perpetuation at all costs–are inherently degrading, ugly

There can be no compromise between those who live under the pressure of need and of material increase, who are the walking shadows of the dead, and on the other side, those who are carefree, joyous, pleasure-loving and worship beauty. One seeks the preservation and expansion of mere life, the other seeks the exaltation of life.

Where the line of demarcation exists he doesn’t say; neither how one exists without the other. He sees this division all the way down to the level of hormones, the activity of which he suggests might prove his suppositions about an intelligence at work, dimly perceived and misunderstood by science and reason.

He laments the lack of a religious order and individualism as a value

But [Nietzsche] never forgot that the fundamental fact of nature is inequality, and this is something these people, the followers of Heidegger, and Heidegger himself to a great degree, all forget. It is madness to ask the common prefab run of man to fashion his own way, his own “religion”—the many find solace and meaning only in submission It is good that this is so, and they shouldn’t be made to feel ashamed for it.

He offers a theory of the profusion of homosexuality as a reaction to modern matriarchy, the “owned space” of women, a revolt against female-determined rules of masculinity

The defeated male that is turned into a peon and a neutered beast for women and hidden masters is a terrible thing to see. The jockeying for status, the physical fights, the adventures boys are supposed to have in a state of nature…all of this is in nature meant as preparation for life, for a life of conquest and expansion…Precisely a character born for conquest, for expansion, a precocious type of boy…will have his expectations about life crushed and thwarted as soon as his eyes open. This may be around the age of six or seven, but it sometimes happens earlier. Such boy then comes to have only contempt for those among his peers who, not seeing the subjection we are in, continue under their delusion… 

I think there are many types of energetic and perceiving boys who reach this stage, who are turned off by the moral and biological self-castration of their conventional peers, who sense the suffocating limitations of modern space. The rest of this story is more particular to the boy who as response becomes a homo or trap, and Paglia is right about that part—masculinity rejected simply because of distance from other boys in general, mostly as a result of a certain native over-sensitivity.

 Despite seeing civilization as the problem, but he doesn’t recommend a return to anything

All of these problems are problems of race, not of the modern city as such, modern progress, or the progress of technology. In fact, the attempt to limit this progress and to screw back humanity or freeze it in some supposedly pre-modern form, the attempt for example to bring back “small communities” in the modern world, is the greatest danger and a possible source of the most thorough-going and totalitarian subjection.

So what is to be done? In his chapter on adopting the “mindset” of the title he notes

Self-help is completely useless, and not what this book is about: rather, I would like most to go toward self-destruction and to be rid of them. I only care about very few who, being constrained in their predatory nature by this open-air zoo, must look to the past to understand what is possible. I want to give encouragement to some who are a certain way, in their blood, and to encourage them to become the purifying hand of nature. 

He offers masculine friendship in service to a cause

Among your instincts you will find the longing for strong friendships, that the modern evil tries to snuff out. And they have good reason to try this, because every great thing in the past was done through strong friendships between two men, or brotherhoods of men, and this includes all great political things, all acts of political freedom and power. The modern zoo wants you instead to be a weak and isolated “individual.”

But of course there is less and less opportunity for men to work in teams for real goals (not, say, sports teams), and those teams are patrolled by the forces of diversity, who see in the gathering of three or more white men a hate crime on its face. But that doesn’t mean he’s not right.

Despite all the implied homosexuality in his arguments, when he offers the Greek model of intense friendships between men as transcendant, he rejects the accepted history

I know the rumors that these friendships were sexual, but I believe this is misunderstanding and exaggeration promoted by the homonerds of our time, for reasons I will explain later. The model for all such friendships was that between Achilles and Patroclus: Homer never hints such friendship was sexual. It is only out of the poverty of our imagination that we think it was, because we can’t conceive of such intense love between friends without some carnal or material benefit in play.

He derides the sexualization of relations between men in the public consciousness, “…many are rightly afraid of the way such relations have been sexualized between men and are never sure if a prospective friend has sexual intentions…at the same time as all this goes on, gays act out a domesticized and castrated parody of friendship.” A parody of heterosexuality now, too–with gay marriage, gay relationships are parody becoming reality.

As for women

Giving “freedom” to women—an impossibility. With the liberation of women in the 19th century, the West has given itself an infection from which it can’t recover without the most terrible convulsions and the most thorough purgative measures. What the “freedom” of women means in practice is the domination of mankind by the demagogues who can rally the lower orders of the spirit. Because there is no world in which “the women” can act as a political unit. Liberation of women means freedom and power for financiers, lawyers, purveyors of comforts in and outside government, employers who whore out your wife and daughters. It has been the greatest weakening and self-own a civilization has ever visited on itself. But in the end is this so different from democracy as such? Yes…because the “liberation” of women makes democracy into a terminal disease…one that doesn’t just end a particular government, but the civilization.

Our salvation lies ultimately in a military government

There is a magic to charisma that does this, and the military-monarchical organization, the rule of the warlord, comes from desire for this in the nature of all, not from reflection and abstraction. Unfortunately some things conspire to end this original condition of mankind, which is itself no paradise and is full of strife, suffering and problems. These things are, first of all, the very success of these men in securing the conditions of life and comfort for the rest of the community. Second, the ascent, within this peacetime, of the priest, the shaman, the schemer, and the matriarch, which slowly usurp power away from the brotherhoods of young men and their captains. Spinoza explains the corruption of the Jewish people in just this way: the Hebrew “Republic” was in fact a military regime of the type I say here, a rule of the captains. But the priests took this power away and corrupted the nation to weakness. 

The Drum Machine of Outrage

The press is working hard to nurture outrage over Trump’s separation of illegal immigrant families at the border, not just out of opposition to immigration enforcement but with an eye toward hobbling the Republicans in the midterm elections.

Now a Trump tweet asserting illegal immigrants won’t be allowed to “infect America” has given them the outrage-quote around which to hang the scandal-narrative.

This is standard media manipulation that has taken down countless politicians over the years, many of them for the same reason it’s being applied to Trump now, because he represents a threat to the powerful interests that all but control the media.
This standard model is supposed to work and did, until Trump, either evil-genius or just not knowing any better, came along and demonstrated the outrage-monster by which the elite has repressed speech doesn’t really have any teeth.

As he’s done in the past, Trump is defying the push–which basically comes as a demand from the deep state or whoever: stop this or we will destroy you with it. You would think the anti-Trump elite would be content to let him sink, and they are citing polls supposedly showing overwhelming opposition to the policy (but not among Republicans), but they’re probably getting that sinking feeling this is something like the NFL controversy all over again.

Trump stands to win yet another conspicuous victory over the media and to do it ahead of the midterms on the issue of immigration.

Now comes the concern trolling.The Hill reports people are mad. Important people.

The separation of children from their parents at the border is fast becoming a political crisis for the Trump administration. 

The administration’s actions have drawn fire across party lines, including from former first ladies Laura Bush and Michelle Obama.  

 They have caused unease among stalwart supporters of the president — among them, evangelist Franklin Graham and former White House communications director Anthony Scaramucci.

Not one but two first ladies and a strange new respect for Anthony Scaramucci. George W Bush lost relevance the moment he passed out of the White House for the last time so we’re all excused for forgetting about him, but I think the reason we don’t hear from Obama on this is because his administration actually employed the same policy of detaining minor illegals separate from their families.

I suspect In any district with a majority concerned about immigration, this policy is manna from heaven; whatever the case, by November this all will be forgotten, unless the media finds a memorable hook. This article proposes one, and if they can just get it to stick it will be a doozy.

What better analog than Hurricane Katrina, when we practically blamed the weather on W? A source invokes a freighted word, Katrina, and it can be duly reported. It has to be. Someone said Katrina. If people want to make of it a rallying cry, hey, that’s up to them, says the reporter.. He just reports the facts, he says. You know, Trumplodyte, real news. If someone wants to make of it a political theme, because it’s short, easy to remember, involves a  hated president and Suffering People of Color, well that’s their business.

The administration has careened from one controversy to another, yet the president has seen his approval numbers edge up close to their high point of late.

[note: if the administration you despise ends the cycle with higher poll numbers it’s you who’s careening]

But some observers wonder if this issue could cause him deep damage because of its emotional resonance. The possibility of it rising to the level of President George W. Bush’s disastrous response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 seems increasingly plausible.

Where’s Kanye West when you need him? Oh.

Skin in the Book

Today on Luke Ford we’ll be talking about Nicholas Nassim Taleb’s book Skin in the Game, the Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life.

It’s the fourth book in the former trader and risk analyst’s Incerto series on risk, randomness and responsibility. The first book, Fooled by Randomness purports to demonstrate we are, just as the title says, fooled into creating “rational” explanations for random occurrences, including catastrophic market failures, or “black swan” events, the misunderstanding of which as he sees it he addresses in The Black Swan.

In the third book Antifragile he offers the concept of antifragility as a measure of a market or society’s robustness or durability, demonstrated by how it responds to shocks, for one thing. Something is antifragile if, a la Nietzche, that which doesn’t kill it makes it stronger.

Skin in the Game is about bearing the consequences of one’s actions–above all of one’s responsibilities: “…skin in the game is mostly about justice, honor, and sacrifice, things that are existential for humans”; “those who don’t take risks should never be involved in making decisions.”